Reflective Report and Learning Plan Successful of Business Session

Question: Depict about the Reflective Report and Learning Plan for Successful of Business Session. Answer: Presentation This has been an effective meeting as I have accomplished my learning goals as I had set out in my learning plan toward the start of the meeting. Through the learning plan, I had the option to build up an away from structure and reflecting through empowers securing of more prominent advancement that helps in the accomplishment of the distinguished destinations. The point of this intelligent report is to give a self-assessment of the adapting needs in my first meeting of college concentrate as set out in my learning plan (Yancey, 1998). The adapting needs shrouded in this report incorporate obtaining of scholarly composing abilities, securing and boosting of my expert showing aptitudes, how to defeat nervousness and frenzy during class introductions and how to be a genuine understudy while accomplishing my scholastic work, for example, assignments and examination. The report talks about these adapting needs in accordance with my set objectives, the systems and assets I utilized, the limitations or difficulties I looked en route and what empowered me beat the difficulties and accomplish the destinations disregarding the imperatives and a top to bottom assessment of the results of each learning need and a reflection on the whole procedure of accomplishing the target. Conquering uneasiness during class introductions My objective was to defeated shaking and trembling during introductions. For quite a while, I had consistently been overwhelmed by dread at whatever point requested to remain before the study hall. This blocked my introductions as I could tremble and even the words I articulated couldn't be heard. To conquer this issue, I utilized the utilization of procedures, for example, 3 Ps; arranging, practice and arrangement (Bain, etal, 2002). While trying to guarantee this was being improved, I did introductions in my gathering containing five understudies, I ensured that every day I had a subject to present to them. During these introductions, I solicited them to watch the adequacy from my relational abilities and right me appropriately. Every day I concocted another and better methodology, for example, conveying a scratch pad where I featured the key purposes of introduction. Over the span of these introductions, I experienced imperatives that thwarted my consistent advancement and therefore making my improvement moderate (Pee, etal, 2002). For example, many are the occasions I needed satisfactory chance to present to my gathering individuals. Most occasions I was free, a couple of gathering individuals was submitted in different obligations. Besides, at most occasions I was overpowered with the school program that I came up short on a solitary moment to get ready for introduction. Regardless of the difficulties, through going to courses, addresses and giving up the brief period I needed to present to my gathering individuals, I am happy that today I can unhesitatingly introduce before a significantly bigger gathering of individuals. Securing of scholarly composing aptitudes As a lifelong instructor, ownership of scholarly composing abilities is a basic device to empower simple and smooth information move to my future understudies. Accordingly, making short and exact sentences to shape basic passages that can be perused and seen effectively was my objective. To accomplish this objective, I utilized the utilization of systems, for example, exploring the web for scholarly composing sources (Mass, 1991). I likewise went to classes and talks on powerful scholastic composition. Nonetheless, in this procedure, I experienced imperatives, for example, absence of information on the college measures of scholarly composition. Having recently originated from secondary school in the remote pieces of heartland, I needed imagination abilities and simultaneously had no information on the standard language of University scholarly composition (Collins, 1987). My enthusiasm in scholarly composing saw me continually stuck to the web in scan for aptitudes. At long last, my composing aptitudes have developed massively graciousness of on-line look on the equivalent. Obtaining and improvement of my expert instructing aptitudes As an understudy seeking after a course prompting a lifelong showing calling, It is basic that I learn and secure viable aptitudes that will make me a proficient expert. Accordingly, it was my target figuring out how to utilize showing materials, for example, the board. To accomplish this objective, threefold every week, I educated at a neighborhood close by school following closure my talks (Lea Street, 1998). Here, I got an opportunity to practice and immaculate on utilizing showing materials, for example, the writing board, diagrams and furthermore to consummate on showing procedures, for example, getting ready showing programs and the general class introduction aptitudes. Anyway in procuring this target, I experienced imperatives, for example, absence of satisfactory opportunity to focus on my course work and simultaneously get ready for exercises in the close by school. In this interest, many are the occasions I was at struggle with the organization of the school where I instructed because of issues, for example, late detailing, neglecting to check assignments and missing classes (Chung, etal, 1999). This was occasioned by the tight calendar I needed to suffer as I attempted to adjust among educating and doing my own investigations. In spite of the way that I confronted the difficulties, this experience gave me a review of what's in store in my calling and how best to find some kind of harmony in proficient work. I accept today I am a superior instructor than I were before the beginning of this meeting. Securing and keeping up Honesty and Transparency esteems when doing school assignments Well before I joined the college, I was aware of the college as a spot where understudies duplicate and present assignments of others, have assignments accomplished for them, get others to the undertakings given from the web while others even have their last assessments and examination papers done by others for a compensation (Carroll, etal, 1996). Having been raised in a carefully Christian family, I grew up to learn and acknowledge virtues, for example, trustworthiness, straightforwardness and a have confidence in difficult work. Despite what every single other understudy would do, I accepted that I would eat my own perspiration and that at no time would I duplicate task (ONeill, 1998). Accordingly, it was my objective to value crafted by different creators by giving appropriate reference in my work to keep away from counterfeiting. So as to accomplish this, I would gain proficiency with all the referencing styles and how to utilize them in references of different creators work. Regardless, at the underlying stages, I confronted limitations since I didn't have the foggiest idea how to utilize a portion of the referencing styles, for example, Harvard. Also, I despite everything needed satisfactory abilities in appropriate in sight referencing particularly utilizing the different referencing styles. For example, when utilizing the Harvard, style, I didn't realize that I should demonstrate page number in the understanding referencing. Be that as it may, to address these deficiencies, the web was vital (Wroe Halsall, 2001). I additionally went to classes where such aptitudes were instructed while simultaneously auditing composed examples to see how referencing utilizing the different styles was finished. In this manner, I have taken in a ton on the most proficient method to utilize the different referencing styles to refer to various creators work and in the process stay away from literary theft. Rising to the situation of understudy pioneer Each of the a long my instruction profession, I have consistently been an understudy chief right from pre-unit where I filled in as the class official to secondary school where I was the school skipper. On joining the college, I had the enthusiasm to propel my initiative and understudy hireling aptitudes by being the college understudy pioneer. Following this, my objective was to make enough vital associations among the understudies to empower me get chose as the understudy chief. So as to accomplish this, my system was to join Student Human Rights Associations through which I could make myself understood (Bizzaro, 2004). I was additionally to collect enough assets which would help in my crusades and to obtain enough companions who might comprise my voters base. In any case, in this manner, I experienced an impressive number of limitations among them; absence of sufficient assets, newness since I was another understudy and the general absence of enough gatherings where I could exhibi t my initiative ability. This objective has seen me procure such a large number of companions inside and without the college some of whom have vowed to finance my battle (Paku Lay, 2008). My human rights support abilities have additionally been honed and accordingly I have been scratch named The Human Rights Fighter inside the college as well as over the whole nation. My certainty has additionally been helped from once the timid person to the celebrated articulative individual on social issues, for example, human rights and ecological issues over the whole country. End I can happily say that my meeting has been a triumph as I have accomplished a huge degree of progress running from scholarly composing aptitudes, oral introduction abilities, certainty, profession advancement aptitudes, virtues and even administration aptitudes. My evaluations will definitely be acceptable since I applied all the procured abilities to the last in doing my assignments and my assessment. Moreover, I have no uncertainty I will be chosen the following understudy pioneer of the college (Convery, 1993). Proposals In view of what I had the option to obtain, I trust I can do a lot to enhance my general development at the college and to adapt well in my life out of the college. I ought to connect more in reasonable work to improve my expert abilities further. I have to enjoy more in administration exercises, for example, going to authority courses to improve my initiative abilities. I should rad broadly to upgrade my scholastic aptitudes. References Langer, J. An., Applebee, A. N. (1987). How Writing Shapes Thinking: A Study of Teaching and Learning. NCTE Research Report No. 22. National Council of Teachers of English, 1111 Kenyon Rd., Urbana, IL 61801 (Stock No. 21802-222, $6.95 part, $8.95 nonmember).. Collins, A. (1987). Intellectual Apprent

Modern Slavery In The USA free essay sample

I turned into an understudy at the college in 2010 and I was keen on nursing and brain science. Both these fields of studies expected me to take two English classes and English W132 was one of them. I realized it would have been like W131 however not as hard. At the point when one finds out about a composing class, they don't feel that it tends to be very tedious and including a ton of research work and considering. Human dealing has been a significant social foul play and furthermore viewed as a horrifying wrongdoing. We as individuals have interacted with an individual who is a casualty however we don't perceive that that individual is being held hostage and utilized as a slave worker. Human dealing isn't permitted in the US yet in light of the fact that it is the law doesn't imply that it doesn't exist. Point and question at Issue This theme intrigues me since I watch a great deal of TV and see the anguish and torment individuals experience all around the word when they fall casualty of human dealing. We will compose a custom paper test on Current Slavery In The USA or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It harms a ton that I really want to simply paying heed and choosing to expound on it causes me to study the issue and I can have the option to instruct my friends about it. This is a human rights issue since it damages the privileges of individuals to have opportunity. We reserve a privilege to possess our own property, live openly and appreciate life’s essential needs yet the dealers deny their casualties this right. They hold them prisoner and treat them like the rubbish of the earth. We are for the most part equivalent and everybody merits an opportunity to be in a reasonable and simply world and when this is removed, an individual resembles a slave in a spot that should secure them. As I compose my last contention for this class, my inquiry at issue is â€Å"has the US done what's necessary to battle human dealing or do they have to institute stricter laws and punishments to ensure the people in question? † this inquiry has truly developed since I begun look into on my paper and the more research I did, the more the inquiry turned out to be increasingly significant and I needed to discover replies to it. It astounded me to discover that in the US, human dealing has not generally been in the fore front of issues. Indeed, laws have been gone ahead to ensure the people in question however they have not been appropriately authorized and this is because of our administration authorities bombing us. The individuals who are sworn y=to ensure and serve the residents, particularly law implementers have been damaged by avarice and have been accepting kickbacks from the dealers. This thus has made the casualties so frightened to report the torment and misuse they experience and end up simply enduring in the hands of their captors. Enthymeme and Argument After much research, I wound up with the accompanying enthymeme â€Å"the United States may need to accomplish more to battle human dealing in light of the fact that the laws are regularly not being authorized appropriately, it is constantly expanding, and it is frequently because of feeble punishments. † After perusing all the teachers remarks and accomplishing more research on my theme, I understood that the above enthymeme is the thing that I expected to concentrate on when I am composing my last contention. I added qualifiers to make my case increasingly trustworthy. I need my crowd to realize that I present this case with certain vulnerability since I am wary and basic about the information and research I am introducing. The qualifiers I utilized are may, every now and again and regularly and they show the peruser that my case has constraints because of the examination I have directed. They additionally show my crowd that my case can be contended on the grounds that the qualifiers are causing them to accept that my case is legitimate. The time has come for the United States thought of better laws and stiffer punishments to battle human dealing. There are a few laws that have been set up to stop this kind of social bad form yet not implemented successfully. Right now, the inquiry at issue isn't whether the United States has done what's necessary to stop the exchange of people however basically â€Å"Should the United States accomplish more to battle human dealing? † I concocted this inquiry subsequent to perusing a great deal of writing on human dealing and discovering that it is as yet a progressing issue which has never been nullified. We are in the 21st. century and have not yet discovered an answer for battle human exchange which is a deplorable unspeakable atrocity. In the wake of looking into a great deal on this subject and doing some spirit looking, I chose to take the accompanying position; human dealing ought to be illicit in light of the fact that it’s a grave social foul play against mankind. To back up this case of arrangement, I took to the web to make myself increasingly acquainted with the issue. There were a great deal ofâ journal articles that were talking about the various ways that the administration has attempted to stop human dealing however the greater part of them were inferring that the laws were not extreme enough and that some administration authorities were engaged with the exchange. Human dealing is the most exceedingly terrible wrongdoing that can be submitted by anybody since it denies an individual the privilege to opportunity and correspondence making it a grave social foul play. Another explanation is that I needed to return to the meaning of human dealing from all points. I needed to consider youngster work, constrained work, sex work of men, ladies and kids, and the variables that lead to dealing. I decided to pick the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons in Palermo, Italy (2000) meaning of human dealing which expresses that it is â€Å"the enrollment, transportation, move, harboring or receipt of people, by methods for the danger or utilization of power or different types of intimidation, of kidnapping, of misrepresentation, of misdirection, of maltreatment of intensity or of a place of powerlessness or of the giving or getting of installments or advantages to accomplish the assent of an individual having command over someone else, with the end goal of exploitation† (Gozdziak, and Collett 6). This definition doesn't express that human dealing just influences one sexual orientation or gathering of individuals however rather incorporates all human paying little mind to age, sex and sex. A portion of my sources have recorded various meanings of human dealing and generally focusing on ladies and little youngsters. This paper is kept in touch with a crowd of people with a foundation of social equity issues and that likewise incorporates my colleagues and educator. I accept that we as a whole offer a similar presumption that human dealing ought to be illicit in light of the fact that it is a deplorable unspeakable atrocity while denying them the rights and opportunity that should upgrade their prosperity. The casualties experience merciless and uncalled for treatment which none of us can envision experiencing and consequently, I mean to convince my crowd that my paper is important and sound. It will have clear motivations to back up my case from all the exploration work I have led. My crowd should address the topic of whether the legislature has just done what's needed to stop human dealing. I should be cautious when discussing the laws authorized in light of the fact that I will address this issue occurring in the United States regardless of whether I am just a changeless occupant as opposed to being a resident. A portion of my crowd individuals may feel like I am meddling with their legislative arrangements and I am not even initially from here. I likewise need to make my paper simple to peruse and directly to the point as opposed to attempting to make them scan for the shrouded kneads. The best proof that I have found so far is a great deal of writing expounded on this issue, particularly peer surveyed articles composed by eminent writers and specialists. The vast majority of the writing articles are from distributed scholastic diaries from individuals who have devoted their examination exclusively on human dealing. A large portion of these articles bolster my case that poses the inquiry â€Å"which laws are gone ahead to stop human dealing? † The exploration articles that I have assembled have a great deal of proof and clarifications on the issue that United States has not ordered better laws to battle human dealing. They do bolster my case that insufficient has been done to stop this progressing issue and furthermore show that the laws sanctioned are not being completely established by the administration authorities. A few counterarguments will emerge while composing my last paper and the greatest one I have so far is that there isn't sufficient research directed previously or present for me to reach my decisions and completely bolster my case. I should address the subject of â€Å"what if the US has just done what's needed to stop human dealing? † Another one will be that the United States has advanced enough assets to stop human dealing yet people are simply the ones exposing to this sort of abominations since they are attempting to run from their nations of origin to better themselves in the United States henceforth making the wrongdoing a troublesome one to arraign. The vast majority of my articles will be the proof I use in the answer to show that the administration is the one that has neglected to institute stricter measures to check this illegal exchange of people. Assets Right now I have twenty sources that all talk about human dealing and the laws that have been presented. The vast majority of my sources are from the web by means of online companion looked into diaries, online magazines and distributions, associations that are against human dealing, and online articles from authorize writers. I utilized the library databases from my school (IUPUI) and the one I saw as accommodating was Academic Search Premier. One of my sources is a book composed explicitly to address human dealing in the United States. The vast majority of the sources are under ten years of age and some have been refreshed of late making them current. My creators are likewise specialists who have done a ton of work about human dealing and have incredible information

Beyond The Common Application Essay The Dreaded Writing Supplements

Beyond The Common Application Essay The Dreaded Writing Supplements Beyond The Common Application Essay: The Dreaded Writing Supplements Beyond The Common Application Essay: The Dreaded Writing Supplements When our students dig into the college  application process, they are often  surprised to encounter, not just the main  Common Application essay assignment, but a host of additional, school-specific  writing prompts for which  they must also craft  thoughtful  replies. What are these wicked questions? What is the best way to approach them? How are they different from the Common Applications main essay? The main  Common Application essay is what many refer to as a personal statement, meant to shed light on a students  personality and other  characteristics that cannot be gleaned from a transcript or activity resume.  The supplemental essays are often more focused that the Common App assignment, though they  vary in length and scope. Their prompts  tackle  subjects that range from deeper explorations of a student’s collegiate and academic interests like: “Describe the unique qualities that attract you to the specific undergraduate College or School (including preferred admission and dual degree programs) to which you are applying at the University of Michigan. How would that curriculum support your interests?” (University  of Michigan, 500 words) to more amorphous topics like: “Celebrate your nerdy side.” (Tufts University, 250 words) We often encourage students  to nail down their personal statement topic first, then asking them to approach their  supplemental essays in priority order, according to submission deadlines. Many schools will offer prompts that are similar  in theme and content to the questions of other colleges  (for example, many institutions  now ask about a students most important activity), so it is helpful for  students gather all supplement questions before beginning the brainstorm process to see where they might naturally  overlap.  For example, take the  University of  North Carolina  and  University of  Virginia  supplement questions: UNCs prompt  states,  Most of us have one or more personality quirks. Explain one of yours and what it says about you. (500 words) U.Va similarly asks,  We are a community with quirks, both in language (we’ll welcome you to Grounds, not campus) and in traditions.  Describe one of your quirks and why it is part of who you are. (250 words) UVAs prompt can be easily  answered by making  thoughtful tweaks to the UNCs essay of similar subject and elongated word count. Ivy League applications often have extensive supplemental sections, as do some honors programs, so students should keep  this  in mind as they hunt for their essay questions and map out their plan of attack. Know that all supplemental essays  should be given the same time and care as the main  Common Application essay. Schools want confirmation that students are willing to put in the thought and effort  required to meet their  specific requirements. You would be amazed how many people have trouble following instructions, or checking their essay content  to make sure they are truly answering what is being asked of them. These supplements are an excellent opportunity to show a school both your competence and level of devotion to their institution. And, they offer additional opportunities to paint some personality into your application. So embrace The Dreaded Supplements, and show these schools what youre made of! About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ »

19th Century Advancements - 1324 Words

The use of technology has address the way we live. This change became known in the 19th century which was an era of great changes on evolution. Most importantly the 19th century was a time of development in fields on mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology that lay the ground work for the technological advances of the 20th century. The 19th century also brought the era of industrialization. Which started in Great Britain and later distributed around the world. In this essay I will explain the advancement in science, technology and commercial culture that the 19th century have discovered and it have made a difference in our daily life. The discoveries found in the 19th century by Ferninand J. Cohn (1828-1898), Joseph†¦show more content†¦One of the most worldwide technological creation that today work as a great transportation tool was the New York’s first subway line on October 27, 1904 known at that time as the Interboro Rapid Transit that are today known as th e 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 lines. This lines were open after four years of tunneling and over 700 miles of track in the world’s most extensive rapid transit system. By the end of the century there was able to create combustion engines that powered cars, boats and cycle. On December 17, 1903 two bicycle mechanics from Dayton, Ohio, named Orville Wright (1871-1948) and Wilbur Wright (1867-1912) flight in the age of airplane with their flight over the North Carolina coast. All this great technological growth are what create a society of diverse materials. The use of transportation is what helps the human being get to work on a daily basics. In the present day there are no human being without a cellphone or a house phone which help communicate thoughts from one house or place to another. Am truly glad this creation have lasted to my present time and as technology still evolve there are becoming more comfortable to use. The T.V are no longer black and white and if they used to show only few channels are now over million channels in different languages. Another great example of the development in technology is the way knowledge in school is being distributed. The old fashion way of writing in a board is with chalk, now we have smartShow MoreRelatedMajor Advancements Of The Iron During The 19th Century1782 Words   |  8 Pageshousehold appliance has undergone several significant advancements since its initial invention, which has been traced back to Europe in the 1300s (Smoothing Iron, 2016). 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The War Against Informational Essay Topics for World War Ii

The War Against Informational Essay Topics for World War Ii Sometimes students struggle to locate the research area since there are several European countries with a distinctive culture, political, and financial background. I'm certain you can produce hundreds more good informative speech topics. The biggest stadiums worldwide. The absolute most interesting music events on the planet. Find out more about the very first decade of film production to learn what themes were most common. You'll also make use of what you know to produce predictions for each group. They're also able to express scientific prediction and creativity in the shape of sci-fi movies. The development of video games. Finding the Best Informational Essay Topics for World War Ii A thesis has to be arguable like in an argumentative or persuasive essay to create the readers wish to debate. Students have to do a little bit of research as a way to reply to these essay topics. You are able to concentrate on any part of your essay you would like to do first like the conclusion or the introduction. An outline can help you write your paper from beginning to end. Your outline will have sections that constitute the full essay. The outline is fundamentally the skeleton for your essay. War has evolved from the easy gun to gun combat we were so utilized to, it's presently a conflict of who has the larger bomb. Our military in addition to our allies military have been extremely challenging to combat any effort to begin a nuclear war. Music censorship and the way it's affecting us. Contemplating the impacts of the civil war. War is among the most tragic things in our world these days. Inside my opinion the war proved to be an entire waste. Hitler was a remarkably racist man and he had a fantastic hate for Jews. At the end of the war he decided to take up politics. Allow the professional academic writers help to your informative paper! Professional writers just want to use the ideal research materials for their work. At the right time of the events described within this essay, it was known as the Family Society of Seattle. This is particularly true if you're in high school or college. Many books are supplied for teachers to pick texts from. A student has to learn lots of rules to produce a great academic assignment of this sort and deliver the target message. The Basics of Informational Essay Topics for World War Ii It can be challenging to think of a topic off the surface of your head. Many times, students are just provided a topic and told to write about doing it. As a class right the Essential Question at the very top of the organizer and complete the common causes. As soon as you understand such differences you can greatly enhance the caliber of your content without difficulty. You should have a firm idea about how to build topics people may wish to read about. It is possible to consist of secondary sources and share arguments about the topic. However, we hope this list has simplified your selection. The way the idea of family has changed. The main goal is to describe various organizational patterns. The effects of overpopulated prisons. The effect of religion on society. Both of these points were crucial for the treaty to fix the damage made from World War l. There's no doubt that the usa has one of the most innovative economies on the planet. Throughout that time, the majority of their resources especially oil were coming from the United States. All for the interest of their countries. People all around the world suffered by means of this war. Thousands and thousands of people died. Recycling and the way that it can save our planet. The Seven Wonders of today's world.

The Speech Given by Romano Prodi Free Essays

Evaluation of the speech given by Romano Prodi, the president of the European Commission 2000-2005 in Europarliament, Strasbourg, 15 February 2000. After a quick glance at the speech we can see a positive inspiration of an ex-prime minister of Italy, to a stronger, healthier Europe thorough a better management of scare resources (money) and optimization (review our priorities and focus on our core business). To focus on its real priorities†¦ to shed low-priority activities and thus free up resources†. We will write a custom essay sample on The Speech Given by Romano Prodi or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prodi wants to revive the lost faith in the European institutions. Enlargement, progress, lower unemployment. Strengthen Europe’s capacity for prosperity and progress. This â€Å"vision† then, is for an all-round project enabling the construction of a Europe capable of upholding its own responsibilities towards future candidates for accession. Enlargement, approached on a basis of such a broad design, adds a number of considerable advantages: politically, it strengthens the role of democracy in Eastern Europe; conomically, it offers the prospect of a vaster, more competitive market; from the security viewpoint, it can represent the starting point for a new all-European system of guarantees, thus playing a complementary role with the enlargement of NATO, offering Russia reasons for integrating and cooperating with the West. However, usual debates about vigorous and sustained growth, security, sense of meaning and purpose and projecting its model into a wider world have a strong political motive. Not only Prodi wants to satisfy his personal ambitions, but also want to steer the entire process of establishment of new Europe. Relation to the in-house administrative reform of the Commission. Renewed understanding of the tasks and â€Å"core business† of the Commission that are enshrined in the Treaty, given the new context of interdependence and interactions between various levels of government. Despite denying of thinking imperialistically, the aims are to establish a control over large territories, to impose European principles. â€Å"We must aim to become a global civil power†. European interests mentioned by the president of the Commission are nothing else but a wish for Europe to be a superpower. Prodi paints a picture of a European Union increasingly at ease with itself as it grows in both political and economic stature. Take economics first: Romano Prodi’s five-year statement, published a week in advance of his appearance at the European Parliament, is a blend of Thatcherite economic rectitude and Clinton†s high-tech infospeak. His objectives are clear. To push for continued, if painful, reform of Europe’s welfare systems and labour markets. To enforce the euro-inspired disciplines on public spending. To promote the case for further international trade liberalisation. To point Europe towards a high-value service economy, based on high universal educational standards and widespread access to information technology, to rival that of the US. To clamp down on state subsidies and provide space for private initiative. What Romano Prodi does not say is perhaps even more significant: no more corporatism, no more inflated public spending projects, and no more false promises. His approach will be reinforced at a special summit of European leaders in Lisbon at the end of March. The political will finally seems to be in place to transform the rhetoric of economic reform into practice across Europe. Among new priorities, Prodi said the commission needs to improve the delivery of its external aid: the EU is the world’s largest donor but its work is often slowed and hampered by â€Å"top-heavy internal systems† and lack of staff where they are needed. It will focus on the Balkans, notably aiming to liberalise trade, build infrastructure and support political and civil reforms to bring those countries closer to the EU, he said. The commission will also â€Å"vigorously conduct† EU enlargement negotiations and develop cooperation with Russia and the Mediterranean countries. EU enlargement, aimed at bringing many of those countries into the European family of nations, â€Å"will be a hard road to travel,† Prodi warned. â€Å"We will have to win over public opinion. We will be open, but also frank and tough in negotiations. † Even as Prodi addressed parliament, EU foreign ministers meeting in Brussels were formally opening membership talks with the second wave of six applicant countries – Malta, Romania, Slovakia, Latvia, Lithuania and Bulgaria. Six others – Cyprus, Hungary, Poland, Estonia, the Czech Republic and Slovenia – have been in talks for two years. â€Å"Enlargement is necessary,† said Prodi, â€Å"if we are to spread peace, stability and shared values throughout the continent. We must reassure the public that enlargement is not just an awkward necessity, it is an historical opportunity in our joint political and economic interests. The challenge of enlargement involves break with the past. The prospect of enlargement automatically gives the Union a continent wide posture, which requires a redefinition of its internal policies and makes it a benchmark player for the Russian Federation and Mediterranean area. It also increases the Union†s responsibility as a power in the context of globalisation. Institutional and democratic challenges are also inevitable. The priority now needs to be changing the methods to ensure that objectives can be understood and acted on successfully. Encourage discussion amongst citizens of European values, issues and decisions. Reform the process for preparing and implementing Community rules and policies to ensure that they are pertinent and coherent. The commission will overhaul its own functioning concentrating on â€Å"core business† and â€Å"shedding activities†. â€Å"This will be our response to one of the key criticisms made by the Committee of Independent Experts – the mismatch between resources and tasks. We will demonstrate that we can help them match by shedding activities. † He confirmed the commission’s proposal to decentralise its exclusive powers in competition policy to national competition authorities and courts, allowing it better â€Å"to develop and interpret the rules and deal with competition cases that have a real Community impact. † Governance will be taken to encompass rules, processes and behaviour that affect the way in which powers are exercised at European level, particularly as regards accountability, clarity, transparency, coherence efficiency and effectiveness. Does the Commission act in democratic way? Does the actions achieve their objectives? What should be done to improve situations? The speech, as I see, has a strong political tone. It is not just about optimizing European management, it is to re-inforce the Commission. None of the European institutions are untouchable. Many of them will be forced to decrease thier power. Shift from a procedure-oriented organisation to a policy-oriented one. And Commission is going to be that one. â€Å"The Commission must become a political driving force to shape the new Europe, that inspires and manages, acting always in European interest,†¦ moving away from the more traditional tasks†. His global ambitions demand some attention too. He wants to take a real participation in regulating world class questions such as wars, genocides. In my opinion, his intention is to counterbalance NATO and US trough establishing own European seurity and intervention into at least European conflicts. The concept of governance is aimed at a common political system of the European Union. Construction of a Community that respects the identity of each of its Member States. Reformation of European modes of governance is all about improving democracy in Europe. Prodi’s speech to parliament did not draw general praise. Some called it â€Å"a scientific treatise but not a real political strategy. † Others told â€Å"There is nothing new at all in working program, lots of prose, not much optismism. † â€Å"There are still significant disparities among the countries of Europe and you fail to address these. † Prodi said that actions speaks louder than words. Even if a small part of what he intends to do will occur, we shall see a quite different Europe in terms of strength, political behaviour and a strong institute, the Commission. How to cite The Speech Given by Romano Prodi, Essay examples

Painting Music By Philip Evergood Essays - Philip Evergood, Painting

Painting Music By Philip Evergood The Painting Music by Philip Evergood is most definitely one of my all-time favorite paintings. The painting has so many rich colors and lively shapes. It literally makes you feel as though you were sitting either in the same room as the people in the painting or possibly even playing music along with them. I think that what Philip Evergood was trying to accomplish with this painting was a feeling of unity through music and I believe that he did an outstanding job of showing this. He made a great effort to show the diversity in his subjects. He shows old men, young men, black men, white men, old women, young women white women, and black women. He uses his theme of music to show incredible unification. One other thing that I especially liked about the painting was the fact that you could almost feel the type of music being played in this modest room. You actually get a feel for the time period and just by being able to see the detail in the individuals clothing and expressions on there face there is something here that screams jazz. In further research I found that Evergood was indeed a jazz fan and the time period 1933- 1959 does indeed make it a possibility that jazz was the music that these individuals were playing. I especially like how Evergood incorporated so many different instruments in his work. Yet another link to jazz in my opinion. He has an insane amalgamation of horns and brass and drums and violins. He has not only portrayed the diversity of music and people but he has shown the unity in music and I think that this was his main theme and I believe that it could not have been executed more beautifully by any other artist at any other time. From the theme of unity and his ability to express it so well to his actual painting technique I believe that Evergood has accomplished something that so many artists reach for. He has given his painting life. He has shown that there is a direct meaning behind themes in his painting. Themes that are not so much hidden but more or less right in your face, ready to be taken in. The faces of each of his characters are wonderfully detailed to the point that you can almost tell what it is that each person is feeling. I will definitely be looking for more works done by Philip Evergood because of his warm inviting colors and curves that he puts in his work. He is truly a master at bringing subjects to life. I absolutely love this painting and I feel that he has portrayed his intentions beautifully through his work. Arts Essays

Customer Relationship Group Report

Customer Relationship Group Report Customer relationship management has gained a lot of popularity over the recent years. According to Hutt and Speh (2013, p. 92), the world is increasingly getting competitive. Firms currently find themselves fighting for the market with various other firms in the industry.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Customer Relationship Group Report specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Optus finds itself in this situation in this market. Optus is an Australian telecommunication company that is a subsidiary of SingTel. The firm is considered as one of the largest telecommunication firms in Australia. Given the competitive nature of this market, the management of Optus has the responsibility of ensuring that it offers high value to its customers. According to Hill and Jones (2010, p. 113), the process of acquiring and retaining customers within an organization requires a high level of value offering. Customers have become very sensi tive of the value that they are offered. They only become loyal to firms which offer high value in the market. Value can be offered using various channels. Buttle (2011, p. 42) observes that one of the best ways of delivering value to the customers is through the product. Optus can consider offering value to its customers by ensuring that the value of their products is very high. Delivering value through product is one of the best ways that a firm can endear customers to it. Australians are high consumers of internet services. They prefer having an internet service provider that will offer a fast internet which is very reliable throughout the year. This is what Optus should offer. The service should be efficient and able to meet the demand of the market with a lot of ease. The market expects this firm to deliver very high communication services to the market.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, the technical team of this firm should ensure that its customers using the call system are not affected by cases of a jammed network that may cause problems in communication. Quality service delivery always makes customers willing to pay premium prices because they always feel that the price is justified. As Ulaga (2011, p. 21) says, customers always want a firm that offers a product that is either above or within their expectation. The moment the product offered is below their expectation, they would consider it of poor standards, and as such, would consider going for alternative products. It is important for the management of Optus to realize that losing a customer to a competitor in this market can be very dangerous to its sustainability. Most of the customers who move away from the firm due to dissatisfaction rarely come back. The memory of their dissatisfaction would always keep them away from the firm for a very long time. For this reason, this firm should ensure that its products meet the expectations of the market. Optus has been keen on using communication related strategy in delivering value to its customers. The management of this firm has always maintained a close communication to its customers. The customer care unit has various channels through which its customers can communicate to the firm over the products offered to this firm.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Customer Relationship Group Report specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To enhance communication between the firm and its customers, the management of this firm has toll free numbers which allows customers to call this firm over any issue relating to the product. The firm has a well established call center where customers would have a direct communication with the management over service delivery. This has helped it win the loyalty of its customers. Whenever a customer who is dissatisfied calls, there is always an officer ready to offer detailed explanation and even apologies whenever there is need. This has helped it create a good rapport with the customers. Although process related strategy may not be very pronounced in this industry as a channels of offering value to the customers, the management of Optus has made an effort to use it. This firm has always ensured that its customers can generate extra value while consuming their products. For instance, those who use their internet bundle always get a bonus at specific hours when they can use the service free of charge. This is to help enhance the level of customer satisfaction. Integrating channels to deliver source of value is always important in ensuring that the firm gives maximum to the customers. According to Ellis (2010, p. 78), integrating the channels helps in maximizing the level of customers’ satisfaction. This scholar says that it can be very challenging when a firm ensures that it offers maximum satisfaction to customers, but lacks proper communication system to these customers. The value of the product may be high, but a customer may need some form of clarification from the firm.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When this communication system is poor, it would be a source of dissatisfaction. Such a customer may consider using another firm which has appropriate communication system. Keller (1993, p. 12) says that these channels are integrated, and a firm needs to ensure that none is overemphasized over others. This is what Optus has been keen on in this market. Customer segmentation is always very important. Thomas (2007, p. 3) observes that different segments consider satisfaction from different fronts. The market segment with lower purchasing power always considers satisfaction on the basis of fair pricing and quantity of the product. On the other hand, the richer class always wants quality even if the price is high. When the management of Optus has conducted comprehensive market segmentation, the main issue that comes in should be how each segment views quality. The firm should then consider offering value to each market segment. Market segmentation should mostly be based on the purchasin g power when dealing with the telecommunication industry. Other demographical factors such as religion and culture may not have a substantial effect on the buyer behavior in this industry. Optus must realize that customer attraction and retention is the key to winning a larger market share to its side. Customer relationship management should be given a lot of attention by the top management of this firm because it is through this that the firm would be assured of its continuity. The management should make use of the recent technological developments to ensure that there is a constant and smooth communication with its market. Its website should be interactive enough to allow for a two way communication system with the firm. The management should also have active e-mailing system to enhance communication. Social media has become a very important platform for reaching out to the market. The management should therefore, integrate social media marketing in its communication system. Such social media as Facebook, Tweeter, YouTube and LinkedIn among others should be given enough focus as means of communication. List of References Buttle, F 2011, Customer Relationship Management: Concepts and Technologies. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Ellis, N 2010, Business-to-business marketing: Relationships, networks and strategies, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Hill, C Jones, G 2010, Strategic management theory: an integrated approach, Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Hutt, M Speh, T 2013, Business Marketing Management, South- Western Learning, New York. Keller, K 1993, â€Å"Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity†, Journal of Marketing, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 1-22. Web. Thomas, J 2007, Advertising Effectiveness, Decision Analyst. Web. Ulaga, W 2011, â€Å"Hybrid Offerings: How Manufacturing Firms Combine Goods and Services Successfully† Journal of Marketing, vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 5-23. Web.

Bio of French Impressionist Painter Boudin

Bio of French Impressionist Painter Boudin Louis Eugà ¨ne Boudins pint-sized paintings may not enjoy the same reputation as the more ambitious works by his star pupil Claude Monet, but their diminutive dimensions should not diminish their significance. Boudin introduced his fellow Le Havre resident to the pleasures of painting en plein air, which decided the future for talented young Claude. In this respect, and although he was technically a key precursor, we may consider Boudin among the founders of the Impressionist movement. Boudin participated in the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874, and also exhibited in the annual Salon that year. He did not participate in any subsequent Impressionist exhibitions, preferring instead to stick to the Salon system. It was only in his last decade of painting that Boudin experimented with the broken brushwork for which Monet and the rest of the Impressionists were known. Life The son of a sea captain who settled in Le Havre in 1835, Boudin met artists through his fathers stationery and framing shop, which also sold artists supplies. Jean-Baptiste Isabey (1767-1855), Constant Troyon (1810-1865) and Jean-Franà §ois Millet (1814-1875) would come by and offer the young Boudin advice. However, his favorite art hero at the time was the Dutch landscapist Johan Jongkind (1819-1891). In 1850, Boudin received a scholarship to study art in Paris. In 1859, he met Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) and poet/art critic Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867), who took an interest in his work. That year Boudin submitted his work to the Salon for the first time and was accepted. Beginning in 1861, Boudin divided his time between Paris during the winter and the Normandy coast during the summer. His small canvases of tourists on the beach received respectable attention and he often sold these quickly painted compositions to the people who had been captured so effectively. Boudin loved to travel and set out for Brittany, Bordeaux, Belgium, Holland and Venice quite often. In 1889 he won a gold medal at the Exposition Universelle and in 1891 he became a knight of the Là ©gion dhonneur. Late in life Boudin moved to the south of France, but as his health deteriorated he chose to return to Normandy to die in the region that launched his career as one of the maverick plein-air painters of his era. Important Works: On the Beach, Sunset, 1865The Nurse/Nanny on the Beach, 1883-87Trouville, View Taken from the Heights, 1897 Born: July 12, 1824, Trouville, France Died: August 8, 1898, Deauville, France

American indian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

American indian - Essay Example us people, the descendants that remained from the genocide that occurred during the 1800’s, have been supplanted to distant outposts of despair called reservations. During the late 1700’s trappers established trading posts which initiated business relationships with the native population. This new relationship introduced tribal members to firearms which aided them while hunting or defending themselves. The association also brought smallpox which devastated the tribes’ population. The trading posts offered provisions outside of what was supplied in nature and enhanced the tribal economies which were previously tied directly to following the buffalo herds. Otherwise, buffalo provided almost everything the Indians needed including food, clothes, weapons and shelter until they were nearly hunted into extinction in the 1880’s, forcing the Indians to depend upon the white man for trade. From the first landing of the Europeans in America to the present, Indians have desperately attempted to retain their land and culture. However, as there was then, there are now some Indians who learned the white mans’ customs well enough to use this knowledge as an advantage benefiting both personal and tribal interests. Throughout the history of the nation, Indians have learned to speak English well enough to articulate their beliefs, art, folklore and culture to those outside the Indian reservation. It is because of this effort to at least partially assimilate into white society that Indian culture, religion and traditions have become of interest and widely respected among mainstream Americans. Some have become good students of capitalism as evidenced by the success of the casinos (Hoxie, 1992). A number of Indians have gone to great lengths to be equally adept in both Indian and non-Indian cultures over the past quarter century. These individuals have been able to express the concerns of tribal society at the congressional and judicial level thus positively

External auditing has changed to accommodate the changes in corporate Essay

External auditing has changed to accommodate the changes in corporate governance in the UK and other countries such as South Africa, Australia, US, India and China - Essay Example days as to how the level of trust can be improved in our communities in regards to the governance bodies of companies, aboriginal communities and charitable corporation. While there are many debates that are presently in progress, the most important ones are playing out in global communities, with other companies taking lead from there (Demb & Neubauer 2002, pp.9). By understanding the different point of views and underlying rationales can help the board of directors to develop practices and policies that improve the governance of their organization and thus improve community’s trust in the organisations leadership. (Conti & Warner 2006, pp. 12). This paper is based on good corporate governance that should be adopted by all the companies and the role of different mechanisms of corporate governance. Furthermore, evaluation of the importance of corporate governance, its pros and cons and analysis has also been discussed. The process by which direction is given to the organization i known as corporate governance. With regards to this, control is implemented on the company and it is held to account. Therefore, it can be said that factors such as accountability, leadership, authority, direction, stewardship are controlled by corporate governance when control is implemented in an organization. The reason why the definition seems balanced is because it ensures that the checks and balances are employed during the process. This is the reason why it can be considered as a comprehensive definition with regards to corporate governance. The aim of implementing corporate governance is to attract the investors as well as the managers to ensure that the companies care about the profits that are generated. Moreover, it also develops a relationship between the internal governance mechanisms of the organization as well as the idea of the community with regards to corporate accounting. Therefore, corporate governance increases the confidence of the investors and to facilitate the

Benefits Of Distributed Leadership Education Essay

Benefits Of Distributed Leadership Education Essay Leadership is not all down to the Head teacher, the head of department or, in the classroom the teacher. If it is, nobody is learning anything at all about leadership. The first rule about leadership is that it is shared. (Brighouse and Woods, 1999:45) Most often administrative leadership is viewed as different from any kinds of leadership in school. The roles might be different since most managerial roles are completed outside the classrooms while teachers leadership is exercised within the classroom. Nevertheless in school, teachers, administrators, Learning Support Assistants (LSAs), parents and students can all work together towards the improvement of Distributed Leadership (DL). That is why Sergiovanni states that, If leadership is a practice shared by many then it must be distributed among those who are in the right place at the right time and among those who have the ability. (2006:189-190) In this section, literature will be organised and focused round the following questions: What are the benefits of distributed leadership in a secondary school? To what extent is leadership shared among all stakeholders in Sunflower School? How far can distributed leadership facilitate learning? How effective to the schools improvement and success can distributed leadership be? What are the benefits of distributed leadership in a secondary school? A successful leader is classified as such, when s/he manages to involve others in the process of leadership. According to Sergiovanni, when principals share leadership, they get more power in return (2006:185). DL also enables those involved to develop their own leadership skills. With DL, Principals are helping their colleagues by boosting their self-confidence, and to make their own decisions (Nicholls, 2000). Recently, Mifsud found that Maltese Heads practise shared decision-making to ensure widespread ownership (2008:7). Thus all teaching-staff (Teachers and LSAs) will become more autonomous, while abiding with the School Development Plan (SDP) and curriculum. Sharing leadership with all stakeholders involves dedicating time to achieve good results (Brighouse and Woods, 1999). The pure type of collegiality (Bush, 1995:52) works its best, when the institution is formed by a small number of staff. Having a large number of teaching-staff will surely make DL difficult. Although in our schools context we have a large number of staff, DL can still work since the teaching-staff is divided into smaller groups. Likewise, Brighouse and Woods say that, The smaller the school or teaching unit, the more leadership, as well as work, can be shared (1999:45). According to Leithwood et al DL helps teachers to be satisfied with their work, increases their sense of professionalism, stimulates organisational change, increases efficiency and encourages cross-interactions between teaching-staff (1999:115). Although, Blase and Blase argue that entrusting teachers with self-autonomy and empowerment makes them feel satisfied, motivated and confident and they are likely to give their utmost in their job (1994:29); this sometimes may also lead the teaching-staff to overpower the Principal like it happens in our school. Yet, Blase and Kirby (1992) found that when teachers are empowered through autonomy, their attitudes and performance will get better. Moreover, even when leadership is shared among teaching-staff and students, this creates an attitude of respect between them, especially when they are so directly involved. Having a democratic leader helps gain attentive listening from subordinates, which in turn will also help improve relationships. When teachers working in democratic schools but had previous experiences in other schools which have authoritarian leaders were interviewed Blase and Blase (1994) concluded that teachers classroom autonomy enable them to have class control. An autocratic style called by Brighouse and Woods north pole-north pole leadership will lead teachers to work to rule and nothing more (1999:51). In contrast having a democratic style called north pole-south pole where leadership is shared among all stakeholders, will unlock enormous surges of energy and effort among professionals (Brighouse and Woods: 1999:51). They also argue, that sharing leadership will relieve Heads form some leadership stress. Thus DL, leads to sharing of responsibility which will not remain a burden on the Heads shoulders. Until recently, according to Cauchi Cuschieri (2007), leadership in Maltese Church Secondary Schools was seen as the Head teachers job. However, the style used nowadays is much more DL amongst stakeholder s. In our school this is not the case, since from its founding, it was believed that DL enables sharing ideas and responsibility which finally leads to the schools improvement. Duke et al, (1980) established, that the school is democratic one when the teaching-staff, is involved in the process of decision making. Likewise, Blase and Blase argue that increasing teacher access to decision making is essential to empowering teachers (1994:33). Also, Churchfields secondary school study shows, that teachers feel the need to participate in the schools management as it gives better results in the decision making process (Bush, 1995). Finally, when a decision is taken, it is the teaching-staffs responsibility to put it into action. So, being involved leads the staff to make a decision (Bush, 1995). Rivalland (1989 cited in Wolfendale 1992:57) presents a number of benefits that can be achieved from parental involvement in schools: They work for a better learning environment since it is for their own childs interest; Whatever is needed to be done in school, and whatever parents are able to do, they do it and they offer themselves as human resources to the school; They create the learning connection between schools and students respective homes; With their presence in school, they will become aware of what the school needs from time to time. Although, Wolfendale (1992) argues, that having parents involved in the study and formulation of schools behaviour and discipline policy will give a good result; this may not be applicable in our school since it seems that the Parents and Teachers Association (PTA) tackles only social issues and personal concerns of parents. However, this will be investigated later on in this study. King states that students leadership is mostly exercised in the prefectorial system (1973:141). However, this does not seem to be the only solution for our school, since leadership is also exercised through the students council. It is true that the ultimate responsibility of decision-making in schools is in the hands of the Principal. Nonetheless, as Frost claims Schools can also be enriched by students contributions to decision-making and curriculum development (2008:356). Moreover, when students are consulted in certain matters such as finance they are taught some of the hard lessons of democracy (Colgate, 1976:123). Prefects and councillors are students particularly chosen to help in school control and decision making. If their appointment is successful they may also serve as role models for other students (King, 1973). Contrary to all the benefits of involving all stakeholders, one has to say that collegiality is an intense activity since it entails work after school hours. Likewise, Smylie and Denny (1990) argue that the involvement of the teaching-staff in leadership may be time consuming and may have an effect on the students needs. The time for training and the funding allocated for these functions are not enough, argues White (1992). These problems make DL more difficult to succeed. However since all teaching-staff in our school have free periods during the day, this may not be a problem. Adding to this, having a large number of participants might create problems in communication, even when having a wide range of different views from all participants (Bush, 1995). To what extent is leadership shared among all stakeholders in Sunflower School? Leadership is not a one man job, because to be successful this must be shared. Moyo writes that: The concept of distributed leadership is the idea of sharing leadership amongst all stakeholders. These stakeholders, as stated earlier include head teachers, middle leaders, teachers, parents and students. (2010:25) It is not leadership if a person orders, requires, seduces, or threatens anothers compliance, (Sergiovanni, 2006:192). So true leadership is when it is shared among all those having the ability to be involved in it. Similarly, Brighouse and Woods emphasise that: One person may be key but leadership is shared among pupils, teachers and other staff and members of the community (1999:48). Likewise, Leithwood et al (1999) refers to DL as a key element of many SDPs. Until recently the Head teacher in Maltese schools was seen as the schools ultimate authority (Mifsud, 2008). Rather than having an autocratic school, having a democratic one entails having a DL (Bush, 1995). With collaboration, and exchange of ideas, problems can be solved collegially, while individual qualities are developed further (Leithwood et al, 1999). This is what Bush calls collegiality (1995:52), and claims that there are two different types of collegiality, one is the restricted, meaning that a number from the staff are chosen to participate in the process of decision making, while the other called pure is the process which involves everyone equally (Bush, 1995:52). Teachers, LSAs, parents and students who are enormously committed to children and school life (Brighouse and Woods, 1999:49) are perfect for participating in DL, because they are more approachable, more trusted, and their main goal is school improvement. In one of the interviews carried out in Blase and Blases (1994) study, a teacher describes best what a shared governance principals attitude should be like, that is, to guide not to dictate. Teachers interviewed could make comparisons of past and present principals. Although its ideal to involve everyone in the process of decision making, in the context of our school, there should be a person that leads both the discussion, and assumes responsibility for taking the final decisions, which should be the Principal or a delegate. About this, Blase and Blase state that principals are compelled to assume full responsibility over all school matters (1994:78). Dunford et al also maintain that whilst the Head will remain the leader, others will need to add a leadership role to their management responsibilities (2000:5). Weick (1976, cited in Blase and Blase 1994:135) claims that now schools have developed into organisations, in which administrators and teachers work separately and independently. This does not appear to be our schools situation, as the stakeholders all seemed to be involved in teamwork. In contrast, Blase and Blase (1994) research presents principals under study as being open to others opinions, collegiality and DL. When this issue of DL was introduced, most Senior Management Team (SMT) members were being involved. Arguing this Dunford et al (2000) say that particularly having more SMT members in a secondary school, leads to the shared responsibility and the establishment of different roles. Leithwood et al (1999:121) in their study found that teachers were most likely involved in school planning and school structure and organisation while the principals leadership is more focused to management issues. In our school this is not the case as in school planning the Principal is the Chairperson. Normally, people think that teacher leadership is exercised only within the classroom. However, in democratic schools like ours, teachers are involved in all aspects of the school, even when taking decisions. Blase and Blase also state that, Successful shared governance principals show trust in teachers capacity for responsible involvement in both school-level and classroom-level decision making. (1994:27) Similarly Leithwood et al argued that there are two forms of teacher leadership; one is the formal style for leadership of class control, or an informal one: By sharing their expertise, volunteering for new projects and bringing new ideas to the school helping their colleagues to carry out their classroom duties, and by assisting in the improvement of classroom practice, (1999:117). Brighouse and Woods (1999) concluded that because teachers are leaders in classes they dont like to be followers, and so expect to participate more in school leadership. Moreover, they also say that: Successful Headsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are men and women with ideals and the ability to share those ideals with those whom they lead. (1999:54). Therefore, through the sharing and openness of ideas, leadership is shared and decisions taken will hold much more. However, in the context of our school, if leadership is to be shared and if teachers are to work in different groups, they are to be monitored either by the Principal or assistant principal. Moreover Leithwood et al, (2000) claim that the number of people involved in DL varies according to different tasks. Most effective distribution of leadership functions would vary the numbers of people providing leadership in response to the complexity of the tasks to be performed-more in the case of complex tasks and fewer in response to simple tasks (2007:58). Research shows that in Malta, Practically all schools have teachers involved in one team or another (LIE, 2009:176). The benefits of DL indicate that Maltese schools are trying to work hard on it. Since 1980, the Education Act in England ensured parental representation on school governing bodies (Wolfendale, 1992:62). Likewise, the Maltese Education Act that was reformed in 2006 states that the Maltese Directorate for Educational Services, Should promote, encourage and monitor the democratic governance of schools through School Councils with the active participation of parents, teachers and students. (GOM, 2006:7) Thus the PTA and Students Council were introduced in Maltese Schools so that they may participate actively in school leadership and decision making. As Wolfendale (1992) said, the aim for parents participation is to represent other parents, to discuss common interest issues and to inform other parents of decisions taken through written circulars or school meetings. It is also described as a forum for teachers and parents to meet and engage in social and perhaps fundraising activities (Wolfendale, 1992:74). Furthermore, research in Malta confirms that parents are indeed involved in policy decision making and practice (LIE, 2009). Parents are always keen to participate in school leadership for the benefits of their own children and for the schools improvement (Wolfendale, 1992). In our school, this may not be the situation, since there are those who are passive and do not participate in any activities or meetings even if it regards their own childs interests. In most of the Maltese schools or colleges, only a small percentage of parents are involved through the PTA committee, while others get involved only through activities organized by the school or the PTA. Some parents are called upon by the schools to offer their expertise where necessary (LIE, 2009:175). However, Wolfendale (1992) notes, that sometimes teachers do not feel the benefit of parental involvement in school. Harding and Pike (1988 cited in Wolfendale, 1992:59) suggest ways in which parents can be directly involved in the school. This can be done through: Personal contact with the school and staff; Written communication; PTA or other parental groups within the school; Their involvement in school matters and learning. In contrast, in primary schools the rate of parental involvement in the PTA is higher than in the secondary. This most probably happens because secondary schools are much larger in number and more teachers are involved, so the rapport between parents and teachers may not be that strong. These issues have been called by Wolfendale as difficulties to set up and maintain teacher-parent initiatives in secondary schools (1992:58). The development of the School Development Plan was one of the main activities where DL was exercised in Maltese schools with the intention of including all stakeholders in planning and discussion. As the aim was for the schools improvement and improved learning for all students, it was noticed that students were not included in any of the discussion. This issue was later tackled firstly by a students school council (LIE, 2009) and then by an Ekoskola committee, which takes care of the environment (Bezzina, 2007). Since, students are the final achievers of the educational institution, they should have space and opportunities to share their views and talk about their needs. Bell and Harrison (1998) state that it is of mutual importance for the school to work in collaboration with students and encourage them in teamwork. Likewise, Brighouse and Woods (1999) stress the importance of involving children in leadership roles within the school, to make them more responsible and prepare them for the world of work. However, there are two types of student leaders and these must be clearly distinguished. There are those called bullies, who use their power to intimidate others and as a result push away all other students. The other group is called unofficial leaders (Brighouse and Woods, 1999:48), who somehow always attract others. Moreover, they may be trusted and given a number of leadership duties to carry out as they are seen by teachers as capable and responsible pupils. To distinguish between these kinds of leaders, the school can organise a socio-gram test at the beginning or at the end of the scholastic year. How far can distributed leadership facilitate learning? Leithwood et al (1999) argue that there is a challenge between leadership practice, and the research that points out ways in which leadership affects students and their learning. In contrast, Spillane claims that: What matters for instructional improvement and student achievement is not that leadership is distributed, but how it is distributed (2005:149). However, Leithwood et al (2006b) maintain that after classroom teaching, leadership is next to influence students learning. Lately, Leithwood and Massey emphasised that Leadership is a major cause for the improvements in student achievement. (2010:79) Principals and other SMT members are encouraged to work hard towards creating a better environment for better learning. This means that they are to ensure that the school atmosphere is good both for teachers to work in and for students to learn. This does not refer only to the physical environment, but also to the distribution of leadership and teachers autonomy. Principals acceptance of trust and DL within their school means that they let the teaching-staff choose their ways and means of teaching that is best applicable for the students under their responsibility (Blase and Blase, 1994). This also can be done through encouraging teamwork between teachers and LSAs. Similarly, Bezzina claims that Only by involving all stakeholders and respecting differences can we give birth to new ideas (2006:86) and thus create a better atmosphere for better learning. Moreover, Brighouse and Woods highlight that DL and collaboration among all staff will result in: raising the achievement of pupils (1999:83). Christopher Bezzina conducted a case study in one of the Maltese Church schools, where the academic achievement was not so high. The schools Head, having had experiences in different schools introduced the issue of DL for better learning. Teaching-staff, parents and students were encouraged to participate in the schools matters and decision making programmes. The result was successful concluding that quality improvement initiatives placed a great emphasis on the leadership of the organisation (Bezzina 2008:23). Thus, one can conclude that having DL in a school has a great impact on learning. According to Moyo, DL has an effect on students learning through teachers, who are the closest leaders in contact with students and their learning; But in order to achieve this, teachers need to be involved and motivated by the leadership, (2010:23). Teachers having a personal view of DL, help children to learn more. This is done by involving them in leadership practice inside and outside the classroom. Brighouse and Woods (1999) note that even the type of teacher-student relationship has an influence on students learning. Moreover, having autocratic leadership style in class does not help in creating a learning atmosphere for students. The teacher with good student relationship encourages pupils to never give up, and aim high in life for the future. As stated by Blase and Blase (1994), teachers autonomy is when they are free to decide their own ways and means, to carry out their work. In Malta, teachers autonomy is mostly linked with the classroom; where they are free to design their lesson plans, with their own resources, while also having autonomy to students control, which Blase and Blase (1994:73) call it disciplinary matters. This kind of DL will also influence students learning. Besides this type of autonomy in the classroom, new methods and techniques should be tried and encouraged. This so called innovation facilitates learning for all students, as education becomes not just one size fits all, but adapted especially to the pupils needs (Blase and Blase 1994:75) through the organisation of differentiated learning. In school, this entails teamwork, reinforces collegiality and sharing of the resources within. For teachers to improve students learning, they must first share their ideals with others and then work together towards that ideal. It is the job of the management to bring those ideals together into common set of objectives, (Brighouse and Woods, 1999:54). Parents are considered as the first educators, great contributors of all aspects of learning, and always interested in helping their children to learn better. Wolfendale (1992:60) argues that, parents as educators, can make a significant contribution to childrens acquisition of reading and literacy skills. Moreover, Leithwood et al argue that: No matter what the student population, involving parents primarily in the teaching of their own children is most likely to contribute to childrens learning (2006a:102). The study by HMI (Her Majestys Inspectors) showed that Parents involvement in schools, lead to students success (1991, cited in Wolfendale, 1992:56). Its interesting to study ways in which parents can help both teachers and students in relation to learning. However, one must also take note of the relationship that exists between parents and teachers and not cause any job meddling. Usually, we only think of academic results when it comes to students learning. However, research shows that through their participation in leadership, students gain more knowledge and acquire new skills. These skills are needed for their future in society. Frost claims that students participation in leadership also helps them acquire other non-academic achievements; greater self-esteem, heightened self-confidence, interpersonal and political skills, and self-efficacy when students have opportunities to exercise responsibility (2008:356). When given certain leadership roles, students set their own targets for learning through that experience (Brighouse and Woods, 1999), which might also be of help to other students. Brighouse and Woods (1999) argue that a teacher can give responsibility to students to help those in need in a certain matter. Through each others support, those that have less academic abilities will achieve and learn more. Research shows that pupils have so much to say about their learning, and as such they should be consulted for the benefit of their learning, and the methodology used by teachers in class (Morgan, 2011). How effective to the schools improvement and success can distributed leadership be? Fink sees schools as living systems where: Leadership is distributed across the various cells that affect a school such as students, teachers, parents, unions, social services, County Hall, and local communities. (2010:44) Bezzinas study carried out in a Maltese Church School revealed, that when teachers were involved in DL the majority of staff felt responsible for determining the way forward (2008:24). He then concluded that school improvement and success can be achieved, with hard work, sacrifice and commitment expressed by the Head teacher, the senior leadership team, pupils, parents and teachers, (Bezzina, 2008:26). LIE maintains that when a policys decision making process involves all stakeholders in a school including, SMT, teachers, students and parents; Then the values which are held dear by the school will be on the road to success because they would have been owned by all (2009:176) Brighouse and Woods (1999:45) confirm that research done in the past and again lately by OFSTED shows that, leadership in schools is the key factor in improvement and success. They also argue that, A key ingredient to school success is the extent to which the values of school life are shared among all the members of the community, (Brighouse and Woods, 1999:55) According to Telford (1995) collaboration between all stakeholders within a school brings about school improvement. She argues that the following points which lead to school improvement affect both the individuals within the school and the institution itself; Development of the educational potential of students, professional development of teachers, good organizational health, institutionalization of vision (Telford, 1995, cited in Bell and Harrison 1998:14). It is interesting to note that it is much easier for principals to control goals rather than humans. To gain control for the accomplishment of a goal, leadership must be shared (Sergiovanni, 2006). Little (1981, cited in Sergiovanni, 2006:186) found that when principals work through collegiality with teachers, the school will improve. It is of importance to equalize the principal and teachers opinions in a discussion, since no one should be preferred to the others as everyone is sharing from his/her own knowledge, for the schools best interest (Blase and Blase, 1994). Similarly, Nicholls (2000) argue that leadership is best carried out when a number of people having the same values and aims challenge each other for getting better results. In other words, one can say that school leadership is best fulfilled when all those involved in the institution, share their thoughts without being considered as superior to one another. Thus, including group activity liberates leadership and provid es the framework we need for widespread involvement in improving schools (Sergiovanni, 2006:186). In successful schools, when a debate crops up on school improvement, the staff should work on: Involving pupils, parents and governors (Brighouse and Woods, 1999:83). Likewise, Davies and Davies (2010) also claim that it is crucial to involve others in school leadership as it leads to school improvement and success. Moreover, they say that: Engaging all the staff in discussions about where the school is, where it needs to go and hence the skills and knowledge we need to learn to achieve progress is a uniting factor. (Davies and Davies, 2010:15) Shared leadership might bring about changes which are required for school improvement to take place. The best change is usually one generated from something or someone within the school because it Recharges energy in participants and embraces the greatest likelihood of improvement in teaching and learning styles, simply because it is so localised, (Brighouse and Woods, 1999:60). Changes for school improvement are gained faster, when teachers are involved in the process of decision making (Bush, 1995). Furthermore, Brighouse and Woods, (1999) argue that when change for school improvement is required, time has to be allocated in the schools diary, since the staff needs time to work on the implementation process. In their study Leithwood et al concluded that teachers consider their participation in leadership, as a step for the school to be more effective and innovative (1999:121). Moreover, when teachers are involved in the decision making they are less likely to have adverse reactions to principals expectations. According to Dunford et al (2000) when the decision making process involves those who are closest to its impact it gives a positive attitude towards school improvement. In addition, they say that if secondary schools want to be effective, leadership must be shared at least among senior staff. Furthermore, Sergiovanni (2006) emphasises that in schools where power is shared among principals, teachers, parents and others, work is done autonomously towards schools aims for school improvement. Likewise, Nicholls (2000) claims, that a shared vision is indispensable for school improvement. Trusting teachers through empowerment may lead principals to achieve their desired goals without imposing them. Building trust is critical to empowering teachers, (Blase and Blase, 1994:29). They also claim that this shows that the principal demonstrated great faith in them and valued them as experts and professionals, (Blase and Blase, 1994:77). Teachers involved in different leadership roles are expected to work for the improvement of the decision-making process (Leithwood et al, 1999). This collegial process of involving others in the decision making process is exercised through discussion and shared power in the institution. In a collegial, collaborative environment, principals consistently concentrate on enabling others to examine and redesign schools for improved learning, and teachers learn to share power and work as a team. (Blase and Blase, 1994:33) Leithwood et al (2007) concluded that when DL is implemented and when opportunities are offered, staff will be much more motivated to work towards school improvement. From their research Leithwood et al established that: Informal leaders had more involvement with creating high-performance expectations and motivating others than formal school leaders, while formal leaders had more to do with identifying and articulating a vision. (2007:57) With informal leaders we can include both parents and pupils. When students are at home most of them speak about their school experience with their siblings and through this parents get to know their thoughts and feelings. Hence, parents might be another link between schools and children. Parental involvement in schools may bring about changes which will finally lead to school improvement. Similarly, Wolfendale argues that, parental opinion can be mobilized to bring about significant changes (1992:63). Conclusion Schools success lies in the skills and attitudes of the professional staff, not merely within the leadership capabilities of the principal. (Blase and Blase, 1994:28) Thus DL is needed for growth and development because the Principal sometimes is in need of other staff members to solve certain problems. According to Bezzina, DL calls for an extension of that power vertically downwards to involve all members of staff, (2000:305). Moreover, the final result of school success is a job that belon

English coursework (Oscar Wilde) Essay

In an essay of 3-4 pages discuss how Oscar Wilde uses stereotypes and concepts from traditional fairy-tales and in invert them in his short stories. In the majority of Oscar Wilde’s fairytales there are numerous stereotypical characters and concepts. In an exemplary fairytale there is the philanthropic character, who is very important to the format of fairytale, for instance a Prince or King, This individual usually, forms an advantageous partnership with a bi-character such as Princess, Queen, Frog, or a Wizard, this may work in reverse in some fairy tales where e.g. the Princess is the leading character and the King is the sub-role. The enemy of the protagonist is called as a villain whose only existence in a fairytale is to try and prevent the leading character and his/hers acquaintances from saving the day or more importantly the world. The evil being is primarily associated with negative images for example bad manners, ruthless personality, or the trademark evil express of amusement. In contrast the valiant hero/heroine is linked with a clean depiction. Witches, Dragons, and Wolves are more often than not portrayed as Villains. Fairy-tale writers use techniques in which they lead the reader to believe that the hero/heroine will prevail in the battle against evil, because the story gives the impression that the villain is superior to the central character. Almost ever fairy-tale begins with the opening phrase ‘Once Upon a Time’ and end with ‘†¦and they live happily ever after.’ Use of these phrases result in the reader instantaneously recognises that it is a fairy-tale. Castles are prominent buildings in fairytales because most of fairy-tales were written in medieval-times where castles were the biggest buildings you would see, and they are also related to Kings and Queens. Wilde makes extensive use of traditional fairy-tale characters, which do not exist in real life, in his stories such as ogres, giants and talking birds. I think Wilde choose to do this because he knew bizarre creatures put the message of his choice across much easier to the readers, children in particular. I know this from ‘The Happy Prince’ and ‘The Selfish Giant’ where the winter season is given human characteristics and actually given a voice to speak: â€Å"He is too selfish†. What separates Oscar Wilde from other writers in Victorian times is that he uses traditional fairy-tale characters to address contemporary issues to express his opinion. In ‘The Happy Prince’ Wilde embarks upon the difficulty of poverty and privilege, which were disregarded subjects in that era. When the Prince was alive he lived in the palace of San-Souci, here he wasn’t allowed to see the outside world, that didn’t bother the Prince because there he had everything he wanted and needed. He was very happy this led to people naming him the Happy Prince: â€Å"My courtiers called me The Happy Prince, and happy I was indeed, if pleasure be happiness. In the Palace no grief would enter, his courtiers fearing the happy prince would see true misery and sadness. The Prince lived a very luxurious and rich life and was easily pleased with his wealth. When he died they made a statue of him and placed high above the city. From this position he had a respectable view of everything. This meant that he was able to life outside the Palace: Beggars starving, children being abused, poverty all this made the Happy Prince grieve because he was powerless to stop any of this as he was a statue. Here Wilde makes a direct comparison between the rich and the poor. Wilde does this to make the reader sympathise with the poor people: When the Swallow flies over the city he sees rich people sitting in the warmth of their expensive residences and beggars sitting outside of their gates. The Swallow also spots to children hungry and cold lying in each others arms for warmth under a bridge to seek shelter from the heavy rain, but they are told to leave by the watchman, and they walk back out into the rain. Incidents like this make the Happy Prince cry every single day as he sits and watches the wretchedness of the city. Wilde sends the message that human fickleness is a weakness in ‘The Happy Prince’. As a statue the Happy Prince was very beautiful and expensive. His body was covered in leaves of fine gold, he has two bright sapphires as eyes and a large red ruby encrusted in his sword-hilt. The Happy Prince was admired by many people in the city as a consequence of this awe-inspiring appearance. A mother says to her child: â€Å"Why can’t you be like the Happy Prince† She uses the Happy Prince as a role model for her son, little does know of the Happy Prince but him being a very expensive statue. This show how people judge based on small assumptions of physical appearance only. Eventually the Happy Prince loses all his fine possessions, as he has given them away to those whose needs are greater, and two townsfolk spot the statue. They decide to take it down; they compare its value to that of beggars: â€Å"As he is no longer beautiful he is no longer useful†. The Arts Professor believes that without beauty the statue is useless. This indicates that they didn’t place the statue above the city as a symbol representing something with a deep philosophical intent, but merely as an appealing decoration for the city. Wilde also shows some fickleness and its consequences in ‘The Nightingale and the Rose’ where the nightingale observes a young student who is in love with his teacher’s daughter. He wants to give her a rose which symbolises his love for her, but cannot afford one. The nightingale sympathises for the young student, he decides to go through agony and in the end sacrifice his life to get that rose for him. The student receives the rose, and goes to the professor’s daughter to ask her if she will accept his rose, but she frowns and says that she has been given far better gifts from another man. The student walks away in disgust and throws the rose into the gutter where gets flattened by a cart-wheel. The nightingales sacrifice was in vein. The student decides to exclude himself from ever loving again and he dedicates the rest of his life to studying philosophy. This tale has had an important morale stressed by Oscar Wilde. He uses a dramatic ending to emphasise his point. He undoubtedly shows the destructiveness of a fickle nature. The fairytale ‘The Selfish Giant’ explores selfishness and ignorance by portraying the stereotypical character of a giant as a ruthless monster in some part of the story. Wilde uses little children to contrast the enormous giant’s dominance. When the giant arrives at his castle he finds children playing innocent games in his garden. The giant furiously chases them away and builds a high wall around his garden. As a result of this no seasons but winter enters his doomed garden. As summer, autumn and spring comes and goes one constant climate remains in the giant’s garden and his only. Wilde uses the endless winter a metaphor for the ongoing sentence of the giant’s misery, that winter has sentenced him for being selfish and cruel to the children. The giant soon realises his that all that time he was away, the little children had been preserving his garden and now that they were away it was winter forever. He figures this out when he sees one of his trees blossoming because a group of children climbed upon it. The giant apologises to the children and breaks down the stone fence: â€Å"†¦and my garden shall be the children’s playground for ever and ever†. The giant’s change of heart causes his garden to blossom and allow the ‘other’ seasons to enter accordingly. When the giant dies, he goes to paradise. Wilde does this to stress the story’s morale and message by showing that if you stop being selfish you will be rewarded. Wilde does use many traditional fairytale conventions but still his stories are different from the tradition in a variety of ways. Traditionally the good triumph when they have made a noble sacrifice. Wilde doesn’t necessarily do this. In fact he tends to not do it at all. This is evident in ‘The Nightingale and the Rose’ where a nightingale unselfishly sacrifices his life for something as minor as getting a red rose to a student who is in love. In the end the student is rejected by the girls he loves, and the nightingales sacrifice was in vein. This story shows that Oscar Wilde will write sorrowful endings if he has to emphasise his point. A reasonable amount of Wilde’s tales do not introduce the story with the phrase ‘Once upon a time†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and conclude it with ‘And they all lived happily ever after.’ Wilde is very attentive in the ways in which he opens a fairy tale, but when it comes to ending one he usually goes with a harsh approach, and does not include psychological twists. In a world of magic and wonder Wilde does not exclude the use of religious imagery, this is hardly ever done in fairy tale. For example; when the Happy Prince and his little assistant the swallow both die doing their heroic deeds. God orders an angel to bring Him the two best things in the city the angel chooses the Happy Prince and the Swallow, because they were recognised for doing good deeds and therefore rewarded with an entry to God’s paradise. In the ‘Selfish Giant’ we also see Wilde’s strong belief in God, when the giant dies and allowed entry in Paradise by God, because the giant has become a better individual. I think Wilde does this because he himself believes that good things come to those who deserve it, and he wants to encourage the readers to believe in that too. This is especially aimed at younger readers. Though Wilde’s stories are fairy tales they bare a resemblance to modern day life. In the beginning of storytelling fairy tales were used as a form of entertainment and written for that purpose as well. Where Wilde’s tales differ is when the tales carry a message hidden behind a great storyline, this not only done to give the reader a good read but also to teach and educate things that they perhaps didn’t know or had a different perspective of. Nowadays stories always have these messages in them, but Oscar Wilde was one of the first to introduce this style of story-formatting, as readers crave for more than just a good story. The drama and intensity was also quite unusual elements Wilde added in his tales. These days drama is an essential ingredient to almost every genre of literature, Wilde was one of the first to discover this, which is one of many reasons why his tales are still loved and admired across the world to this day.